Nezuro, European Union yakazivisa kuti zvinyorwa zveCarbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM, carbon tariff) bhiri richaburitswa zviri pamutemo muEU Official Journal.CBAM ichatanga kushanda zuva rakatevera kuburitswa kwe Official Journal yeEuropean Union, kureva, Chivabvu 17!Izvi zvinoreva kuti nhasi, iyo EU kabhoni tariff yapfuura nematanho ese uye yakatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo!
Chii chinonzi carbon tax?Rega ndikupe sumo pfupi!
CBAM chimwe chezvikamu zvakakosha zveEU's "Fit for 55" chirongwa chekudzikisa emission.Hurongwa uhu hune chinangwa chekudzikisa kuburitsa kabhoni nezvikamu makumi mashanu neshanu kubva muzana kubva muna 1990 kusvika 2030. Kuti izadzise chinangwa ichi, EU yatora matanho akatevedzana, anosanganisira kuwedzera chikamu chesimba rinowanikwazve, kuwedzera musika wecarbon weEU, kumisa kutengeswa kwemota dzemafuta, nekumisikidza kabhoni bhodha mediation mechanism, inokwana gumi nemaviri mabhiri.
Kana ikangopfupikiswa mumutauro wakakurumbira, zvinoreva kuti EU inochaja zvigadzirwa zvine yakakwira kabhoni emissions inounzwa kubva kunyika dzechitatu maererano nekabhoni emissions yezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Chinangwa chakananga cheEU chekumisikidza kabhoni tariff ndechekugadzirisa dambudziko re "carbon leakage".Iri idambudziko rakatarisana nekuedza kweEuropean policy policy.Zvinoreva kuti nekuda kwekuomerwa kwemirau yezvakatipoteredza, makambani eEU akatamira kumatunhu ane mitengo yakaderera yekugadzira, zvichikonzera kusadzikiswa kwekuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide pasi rose.Iyo EU kabhoni mutero wemutero unovavarira kuchengetedza vanogadzira mukati meEU vari pasi pekuomesera kabhoni emission control, kuwedzera mutero wemitengo yevagadziri vasina kusimba senge kutapurira kwekunze kwekutapudza uye matanho ekudzora, uye kudzivirira mabhizinesi ari mukati meEU kuenda kunyika dzine mitengo yakaderera yekuburitsa, kudzivirira "carbon leakage".
Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandira pamwe neCBAM michina, shanduko yeEuropean Union's kabhoni yekutengesa system (EU-ETS) ichatangwa zvakare panguva imwe chete.Sekureva kwechirongwa chekuvandudza, iyo EU yemahara kabhoni mvumo ichabviswa zvizere muna 2032, uye kubviswa kwemvumo yemahara kuchawedzera mari yekuburitsa yevagadziri.
Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwuripo, CBAM ichatanga kunyorera simende, simbi, aluminium, fetereza, magetsi, uye haidrojeni.Maitiro ekugadzira ezvigadzirwa izvi ane kabhoni-yakanyanya uye njodzi yekudonha kabhoni yakakura, uye inozowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kune mamwe maindasitiri mune inotevera nhanho.CBAM ichatanga kuyedza kushanda muna Gumiguru 1, 2023, paine nguva yekuchinja kusvika pakupera kwa2025. Mutero uchatangwa zviri pamutemo muna Ndira 1, 2026. Vanobva kunze kwenyika vachada kuzivisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaunzwa kuEU mugore rapfuura. nemagasi avo akavanzika egreenhouse gore rega rega, uye ipapo vanozotenga nhamba inoenderana yeCBAM zvitupa.Mutengo wezvitupa uchaverengerwa zvichienderana neavhareji mutengo wekutengesa wevhiki weEU ETS mvumo, inoratidzwa muEUR/t CO2 emissions.Munguva ya2026-2034, chikamu chekubuda kwemahara quotas pasi peEU ETS chichaitika mukuwirirana neCBAM.
Pazere, kabhoni tariffs inoderedza zvakanyanya kukwikwidza kwemabhizinesi ekunze ekunze uye imhando nyowani yezvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana, izvo zvichave nezvakawanda zvinokanganisa nyika yangu.
Chekutanga, nyika yangu ndiyo mubatanidzwa mukuru weEU wekutengeserana uye ndiyo hombe yekutenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika, pamwe chete nenzvimbo huru yekuburitsa carbon emissions kubva kuEU.80% yekuburitsa kabhoni yezvigadzirwa zvepakati zvenyika yangu zvinotumirwa kuEU zvinobva kusimbi, makemikari, uye zvicherwa zvisiri zvesimbi, zvinova zvezvikamu zvine njodzi zvakanyanya kuburitswa pamusika weEU kabhoni.Kana yangosanganisirwa mumutemo wecarbon border, ichava nekukanganisa kukuru kune kunze kwenyika;Basa rakawanda rekutsvakurudza rakaitwa pamusoro pesimba rayo.Panyaya yedata rakasiyana uye fungidziro (senge yekuburitsa chiyero chezvigadzirwa zvinounzwa kunze kwenyika, kabhoni emission intensity, uye mutengo wekabhoni wezvigadzirwa zvine hukama), mhedzisiro ichave yakasiyana.Zvinotendwa kuti 5-7% yeChina inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEurope ichakanganiswa, uye kutengeswa kweCBAM kuEurope kunodonha ne11-13%;mutengo wekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuEurope uchawedzera ne100-300 miriyoni emadhora emadhora pagore, zvichiverengera kune CBAM-yakafukidzwa zvigadzirwa 'kunze kweEurope 1.6-4.8%.
Asi panguva imwecheteyo, isu tinodawo kuona maitiro akanaka emutemo weEU "carbon tariff" paindasitiri yekutengesera kunze kwenyika uye kuvakwa kwemusika wecarbon.Tichitora indasitiri yesimbi neyesimbi semuenzaniso, pane mukaha we 1 toni pakati penyika yangu yekuburitsa kabhoni patani yesimbi neEU.Kugadzirisa gaka iri rekuburitsa, mabhizinesi esimbi nesimbi emunyika yangu anofanirwa kutenga zvitupa zveCBAM.Zvinoenderana nefungidziro, nzira yeCBAM ichave nemhedzisiro inosvika bhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu yuan pahuwandu hwekutengesa simbi yenyika yangu, kuwedzera mutero neanenge mabhiriyoni 2.6 yuan, kuwedzera mari inosvika 650 yuan patani yesimbi, uye mutero wemutero unosvika gumi nerimwe muzana. .Izvi pasina mubvunzo zvichawedzera kudzvanyirirwa kunze kwenyika kumabhizinesi esimbi nesimbi uye kusimudzira shanduko yavo kune yakaderera kabhoni.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, kuvakwa kwemusika wekabhoni munyika yangu kuchiri kutanga, uye isu tichiri kutsvaga nzira dzekuratidza mutengo wekuburitsa kabhoni kuburikidza nemusika wecarbon.Iyo yazvino kabhoni mutengo mwero haugone kuratidza zvizere mwero wemitengo yemabhizinesi epamba, uye kuchine zvimwe zvisiri zvemitengo.Nokudaro, mukugadzirisa mutemo we "carbon tariff", nyika yangu inofanira kusimbisa kutaurirana neEU, uye zvine musoro kufunga kuratidzwa kwezvinhu izvi zvinodhura.Izvi zvinozoita kuti maindasitiri emunyika mangu agone kubata zviri nani matambudziko akatarisana ne“kabhoni tariffs”, uye panguva imwe cheteyo achikurudzira kusimukira kwakadzikama kwekuvakwa kwemusika wecarbon munyika mangu.
Naizvozvo, kune nyika yedu, uyu mukana uye dambudziko.Mabhizinesi emudzimba anofanirwa kutarisana nenjodzi, uye maindasitiri echinyakare anofanirwa kuvimba ne "kuvandudzwa kwemhando uye kuderedza kabhoni" kubvisa zvinokanganisa.Panguva imwecheteyo, nyika yangu yakachena tekinoroji indasitiri inogona kuunza "mikana yegirinhi".CBAM inotarisirwa Kukurudzira kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemaindasitiri emagetsi matsva senge photovoltaics muChina, tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sekusimudzira kweEurope kwekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo kwemaindasitiri emagetsi matsva, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwekuda kwemakambani eChinese kuisa mari mumagetsi akachena emagetsi. Europe.
Nguva yekutumira: May-19-2023