Dhizaini yekutanga nguva, dhizaini sevhisi yehupenyu, nguva yekudzoka - unosiyanisa zvakajeka?

Dhizaini base nguva, dhizaini yehupenyu hwesevhisi, uye nguva yekudzoka inguva-nhatu pfungwa dzinowanzosangana nemainjiniya ezvimiro.Kunyangwe iyo Yakabatana Standard yeKuvimbika Dhizaini yeInjiniya Zvimiro
"Mitemo" (inonzi "Standards") Chitsauko 2 "Matemu" anonyora tsanangudzo dzenguva yekugadzira referensi uye hupenyu hwebasa rekugadzira, asi chii chakasiyana pakati pavo, inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vazhinji vachiri kuvhiringidzika zvishoma.

1. Nguva yekudzoka
Tisati tapinda muhurukuro, ngationgororei “nguva yekudzoka.”Muchinyorwa chedu chakapfuura, kamwe mumakore makumi mashanu = kamwe mumakore makumi mashanu?--Sezvakataurwa mune yechina pfungwa yakajairika yekumhanya kwemhepo iyo mainjiniya ezvimiro anofanirwa kuziva, nguva yekudzoka yemutoro inoreva "avhareji yenguva pakati pekuitika kana kuitika kwechiitiko", uye nguva yekudzoka inoyerwa mu "makore" uye kuwanda kwepagore kwemutoro Mukana uri inversely proportional.Semuenzaniso, kune mitoro yemhepo ine nguva yekudzoka yemakore makumi mashanu, mukana wekupfuura wepagore ndeye 2%;kune mitoro yemhepo ine nguva yekudzoka ye100 makore, iyo yegore yekupfuura mukana i1%.

Kumutoro wemhepo uyo wepagore unodarika mukana uri p, mukana wekusapfuura kumhanya kwemhepo mune rimwe gore ndeye 1-p, uye mukana wekusapfuura kumhanya kwemhepo mumakore N ndeye (1-p) kune simba reNth. .Naizvozvo, mukana unopfuura wekumhanya kwemhepo mumakore N unogona kuverengerwa neinotevera formula:

Zvinoenderana neiyi fomula: kune kurema kwemhepo munguva yekudzoka kwemakore makumi mashanu, mukana wepagore unopfuura p=2%, uye mukana unopfuura mukati memakore makumi mashanu ndewekuti:

Iyo 100-gore Transcendence Probability inowedzera kusvika:

Uye mukana wekupfuura mumakore mazana maviri uchasvika:

2. Dhizaini base nguva
Kubva pamuenzaniso wepamusoro, tinogona kuona kuti pamitoro yakasiyana-siyana, hazvina zvazvinoreva kungotaura nezve mukana wakapfuura pasina kutaura hurefu hwenguva hunoenderana.Mushure mezvose, vanhu vachafa munguva refu, mukana wekupfuura mitoro yakasiyana-siyana ichave pedyo ne100%, uye zvivako zvichaputsika (kunze kwekunge zvaputswa zvisati zvaputsika).Naizvozvo, kuti ubatanidze chiyero chekuyera, zvinodikanwa kudoma chikero chenguva chakabatana separameta yenguva yekusiyanisa mitoro.Iyi nguva chiyero ndiyo "design referensi nguva".

Chisungo 3.1.3 che "Code for Loading of Building Structures" chinoti "50-year design reference period ichatambirwa pakusarudza kukosha kwemumiriri wezvinhu zvakasiyana."Ichi chigadziro chinosungirwa.Chikonzero nei zvichisungirwa ndechekuti "hapana mutemo, hapana denderedzwa", pasina kumisa nguva, hazvina zvazvinoreva kukurukura nezve mukana wekupfuura mutoro uye indekisi yekuvimbika (mukana wekutadza) yechimiro. .